Its influence had stretched around the world, opening the doors of mainstream culture to Black artists and writers. A.Antietam What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? To satisfy the labor needs of the rapidly growing North American colonies, white European settlers turned in the early 17th century from indentured servants (mostly poorer Europeans) to a cheaper, more plentiful labor source: enslaved Africans. Giving American Indians land that would be useful for farming. Those effortsincluding a nationwide protest of D.W. Griffiths silent film Birth of a Nation (1915), which glorified white supremacy and the Ku Klux Klanwould continue into the 1920s, playing a crucial role in drastically reducing the number of lynchings carried out in the United States. But they have lagged in the Senate and in governorships. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. In September, under pressure from CORE and other civil rights organizations, as well as from the attorney generals office, the Interstate Commerce Commission ruled that all passengers on interstate bus carriers should be seated without regard to race and carriers could not mandate segregated terminals. With the onset of the Great Depression, as organizations like the NAACP and the National Urban League switched their focus to the economic and political problems facing Black Americans, the Harlem Renaissance drew to a close. 4.The Union victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln a position ins trength. Harris, whose mother immigrated to the United States from India and whose father immigrated from Jamaica, was the first person of African or Asian descent to become a major partys vice presidential candidateand the first to win the office. What industry was Andrew Carnegie part of? The children involved in the landmark civil rights lawsuit Brown v. Board of Education, which challenged the legality of American public school segregation: Vicki Henderson, Donald Henderson, Linda Brown, James Emanuel, Nancy Todd, and Katherine Carper. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. As chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993the first African American to hold that positionthe Vietnam veteran and fourstar U.S. Army general Colin Powell played an integral role in planning and executing the first Persian Gulf War under President George H.W. Mildred, however, spent three nights in a small womens cell and was released to her father. Also known as African American History Month, the event grew out of Negro History Week, the brainchild of noted historian Carter G. read more, From the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., to the 2008 election of Barack Obama, to widespread global protests declaring Black Lives Matter in 2020, African American history in the United States has been filled with both triumph and strife. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. All four officers involved in the incident were fired. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. BBC.George Floyd Protests: A Timeline. As the outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, Malcolm challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of integration championed by Martin Luther King Jr. How is Judith Templeton depicted? Though he continued to brush off any speculation of a possible future presidential run, Powell made headlines during the 2008 presidential campaign when he broke from the Republican party to endorse Barack Obama, the eventual winner and the first African American to be elected president of the United States. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? Born in rural Mississippi to a poor unwed teenage mother, Winfrey got her start in television news before taking over a morning talk show in Chicago in 1984. B.joyful From 1950 to 1980, the total Black population in Americas urban centers increased from 6.1 million to 15.3 million; during this same time period, white Americans steadily moved out of the cities into the suburbs, taking with them many of the employment opportunities Black people needed. In more than 100 cities, several days of riots, burning and looting followed his death. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? I have a dream, King intoned, expressing his faith that one day white and Black people would stand together as equals, and there would be harmony between the races: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War, the rural Souththe region where slavery had taken the strongest hold in North Americafaced an economic crisis. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations. "I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph More than 3 million Black Americans would register for service during the war, with some 500,000 seeing action overseas. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. Meanwhile, the boycott stretched on for more than a year, and the bus company struggled to avoid bankruptcy. -George Eastman The main reason for the attack on the tribes under Sitting Bull was to, force the Lakota and Cheyenne back onto their reservations. Which change led to the end of open ranching in the west? Oftexaggerated reports of the insurrectionsome said that hundreds of white people had been killedsparked a wave of anxiety across the South. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. They continued to work long hours for low pay. C.angrily The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." a. During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). Although the culprits in the casewhite supremacists who included the countys deputy sheriffwere soon identified, the state made no arrests. By 1885, most southern states had laws requiring separate schools for Black and white students, and by 1900, persons of color were required to be separated from white people in railroad cars and depots, hotels, theaters, restaurants, barber shops and other establishments. The term Black lives matter was first used by organizer Alicia Garza in a July 2013 Facebook post in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman, a Florida man who shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012. Mildred and Richard Loving were one of the first interracial couples legally married in the United States and their union marked a pivotal moment in marriage rights for mixed-race families. Though it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, depriving the African continent of its most valuable resourceits healthiest and ablest men and women. Impatient with the leniency shown toward the former Confederate states by Andrew Johnson, who became president after Lincolns assassination in April 1865, so-called Radical Republicans in Congress overrode Johnsons veto and passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which basically placed the South under martial law. Studies indicate the median white family in the United States holds more than ten times the wealth of the median African American family. In the mid-1960s, 70 African Americans were serving as elected officials in the South, while by the turn of the century there were some 5,000. Bush. Why would the loss of farms make it especially difficult for the Southern economy to recover? Robinson played his first game with the Dodgers on April 15, 1947; he led the National League in stolen bases that season, earning Rookie of the Year honors. Local law enforcement responded, but slowly, and U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy eventually ordered State Highway Patrol protection for the freedom riders to continue to Montgomery, Alabama, where they again encountered violent resistance. His groundbreaking achievement transcended sports, and as soon as he signed the contract with Rickey, Robinson became one of the most visible African Americans in the country, and a figure that Black people could look to as a source of pride, inspiration and hope. Founded in 1942 by the civil rights leader James Farmer, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) sought to end discrimination and improve race relations through direct action. What role did both men and women among Plains Indians share? Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? President John F. Kennedy first used the phrase in 1961, in an executive order calling on the federal government to hire more African Americans. Floyd had been accused of using a counterfeit $20 bill at a local deli in Minneapolis. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? successful at negotiating for shorter hours. A - no All Rights Reserved. B.his second inaugural Address The state gained the right to decide local matters. 1. A series of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of police officers continued to spark outrage and protests, including Eric Garner in New York City, Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Tamir Rice in Cleveland Ohio and Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. READ MORE: Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist. Pressure to pass the bill increased amid the wave of national remorse that followed, and after a strictly limited debate, the House passed the Fair Housing Act on April 10. Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist, How the 1876 Election Effectively Ended Reconstruction, Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948, Why Eisenhower Sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock After Brown v. Board, Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America, How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement, Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation, 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech, Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline, How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation, 'Unbought and Unbossed': Why Shirley Chisholm Ran for President, How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. In the courts the . Amidst the civil rights movement, ACLU lawyers Bernard S. Cohen and Philip J. Hirschkop decided to take on the couples case. Meredith went on to graduate from Ole Miss in 1963, but the struggle to integrate higher education continued. rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? read more, Black History Month honors the contributions of African Americans to U.S. history. As Reconstruction drew to a close and the forces of white supremacy regained control from carpetbaggers (northerners who moved South) and freed Black people, Southern state legislatures began enacting the first segregation laws, known as the Jim Crow laws. B. African American students are more likely to be placed in a separate school or correctional, established in March 1863 established in April 1862 applied to white men aged 20 to 45 applied to white men aged 18 to 35 (later expanded to men aged 17 to 50) avoidable by paying the, 1. C.Fredericksburg Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? Congress was debating Kennedys civil rights reform bill when he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas in November 1963. 5. In Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Court extended the earlier ruling to include bus terminals, restrooms and other related facilities, and CORE took action to test the enforcement of that ruling. In February 2007, just months after he became only the third African American elected to the U.S. Senate since Reconstruction, Obama announced his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination. In 1980, entrepreneur Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television (BET), which he later sold to entertainment giant Viacom for some $3 billion. Pan-Africanist ideas first began to circulate in the mid-19th century in the United States, led by Africans from the Western Hemisphere. . In the 1920s, the great migration of Black Americans from the rural South to the urban North sparked an African American cultural renaissance that took its name from the New York City neighborhood of Harlem but became a widespread movement in cities throughout the North and West. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . Despite his success on the field, however, he encountered hostility from both fans and other players. After an appeal by the local congressman and mayor of Little Rock to stop the violence, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the states National Guard and sent 1,000 members of the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School. (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Ranchers commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep.Some ranchers also raise elk, bison, ostriches, emus, and alpacas.The ranching and livestock industry is growing faster than any other agricultural sector in the world. It mandated the desegregation of most public accommodations, including lunch counters, bus depots, parks and swimming pools, and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to ensure equal treatment of minorities in the workplace. A.The gettysburg Adress Among the prominent figures are Madam C.J. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles Du Bois of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), criticized Garvey and his Back to Africa movement; he was openly contemptuous of them in return. On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. Adding that detail would reveal something about her. The church bombing was the third in 11 days after the federal government had ordered the integration of Alabamas school system. C? The little children are freezing to death. Born in Jamaica, the Black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey founded his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) there in 1914; two years later, he brought it to the United States. -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor Which economic practice helps motivate companies to keep prices low and improve product quality? 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